Texts by Thomas Deckker
Aerial View of Brasília, Distrito Federal, 2013
Superquadras looking north from the southwestern end of the asa sul [south wing]. The original city was dominated by its road layout, in keeping with contemporary ideals of the private car. The resemblance to the ideal city that formed the centrepiece of the General Motors Futurama pavilion at the New York Worlds Fair 1939, which Lúcio Costa saw while building the Brazilian Pavilion, is clear.
Aerial View of Brasília, Distrito Federal, 2009
Superquadras looking north from the Eixo Monumental [Government Axis], approximately halfway along the 13km main axis. The campus of the University of Brasília lies on the near lakeside; on the far side is the Setor Habitacional Individuais Norte [North Lake Residential Sector], private houses based on Ludwig Hilbersheimer's The New Regional Pattern of 1949. The 'New Regional Pattern' was an utopian suburb based on cul-de-sacs and parkways.
Aerial View of Brasília, Distrito Federal, 2013
The northern end of the main residential axis, 13 km from the southern end shown in the first photograph. The entrance to the Setor Habitacional Individuais Norte [North Lake Residential Sector] lies across the lake. It is important to recognise that the superquadras here bear only a intentionally superficial resemblance to the original utopian designs of Lúcio Costa, as the contemporary reality of condomínios fechados, or secure gated enclaves, meets the World Heritage status of Costa's plan.
Aerial View of the Eixo Monumental, Distrito Federal, 2011
The western end of the Eixo Monumental [Government Axis], with the Estrada Parque Indústria e Abastecimento [Industry and Warehouse Parkway] at the bottom of the photograph. This settlement in the foreground, Cruzeiro, was one of the first low- income areas of the city, begun in 1958 shortly after construction began on the official city, in a popular style of loteamentos [subdivisions].
Aerial View of Estrada Parque Indústria e Abastecimento, Distrito Federal, 2011
The Estrada Parque Indústria e Abastecimento [Industry and Warehouse Parkway] originally formed the the western extremity of Brasília, where the industrial and warehouse sectors were planned. While these sectors still exist they have been enlarged by massive new residential areas. This road links virtually all the satellite cities together, as well as linking them to Brasília, so is very heavily trafficked.
Aerial View of Águas Claras, Distrito Federal, 2011
There are still Environmental Protection Areas separating Brasília from the satellite cities, although vestigial in places. The pristine nature of this 'area verde' [green belt] is deceptive, as the official residence of the Governor of the Distrito Federal lies just out of site on the bottom left of the photograph. The destruction of the green belt in Brasília is a warning to its potential destruction in London.
Aerial View of Environmental Protection Area and the Southwest Sector, 2013
A view encompassing 4 distinct areas in Brasília, looking across instead of along the main residential axis: in the front, the Área de Proteção Ambiental [green belt], then the Setor Sudoeste [Southwest Sector], a recent development doubling the size of the south wing of the city, then before the lake, the superquadras of the asa sul [south wing], and in the far distance the Setor Habitacional Individuais Sul [South Lake Residential Sector], based on Ludwig Hilbersheimer's The New Regional Pattern of 1949.
Aerial View of the Via Estrutural, Distrito Federal, 2013
The Via Estrutural, or the Estrada Parque Ceilândia [Ceilândia Parkway] is the major road linking the satellite cities of Ceilândia and Taguatinga to the western extremity of Brasília. So great is the flow of traffic that the entire road is one way (into Brasília in the morning, and out in the evening).
Aerial View of the Via Estrutural, Distrito Federal, 2013
The invasion in the foreground, the Vila Estrutural, was regularised in 2004. Vila Estrutural. It is officially part of the Setor Indústria e Abastecimento [Industry and Warehouse Sector]. Invasions generally have no official water, sewage, education or health provision, and fight for regularisation, or recognition by the Government of the Distrito Federal, after construction.
Aerial View of Gated Enclave, Shopping, Distrito Federal, 2013
The condomínio fechado, or secure gated enclave, is now the most common form of middle-class residential development in the Distrito Federal, in contrast to the open and communitarian city envisaged by Lúcio Costa. This example is located on unregulated land close to ParkShopping, the suburban shopping mall built in 1983 that led to the decline of central shopping areas in Brasília but which has since formed the nucleus of further suburban development.
Aerial View of Núcleo Bandeirante, Distrito Federal, 2011
Núcleo Bandeirante [Pioneer Settlement] was the first deviation form the official plan for the Distrito Federal [Federal District], originally established as a workers' camp well before the inauguration of the city in 1961. It is now an established suburb.
Aerial View of Taguatinga, Distrito Federal, 2011
Taguatinga was the first satellite city, underway within a year of work starting on the official Plano Piloto [Pilot Plan] in 1957. The original utopian architecture, based on migrant worker housing designed by Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer for the US Works Progress Administration in 1944, barely survived the period of initial construction and was replaced by subdivisions promoted by the United States Agency for International Development, part of the the anti-communist Alliance for Progress created by President Kennedy in 1961. The most recent expansion is by low-income loteamentos [subdivisions], typical of Brazilian rural cities.
Aerial View of Itapoã, Distrito Federal, 2011
Vast areas of low-income loteamentos [subdivisions] have sprung up in the Distrito Federal, without employment, transport or services. Itapoã is an irregular settlement 22 kilometres from Brasília in the rural northeastern sector.
Aerial View of Setor Habitacional Buritis, Sobradinho II, Distrito Federal, 2011
Aerial View of Setor Habitacional Buritis, Sobradinho II, Distrito Federal, 2011 It may be surprising that the official construction of low-income housing is in loteamentos [subdivisions]. Buritis is a new residential sector in Sobradinho II, 19 kilometres from Brasilia in the rural northeastern sector. This residential sector in the popular style of loteamentos [subdivisions] is by the official government agency Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional DF [Residential Development Agency of the Federal District], part of the 'Minha Casa Minha Vida' [My House My Life] programme.
Aerial View of Setor Habitacional Buritis, Sobradinho II, Distrito Federal, 2011
Many migrants to the Distrito Federal are too poor for the official the 'Minha Casa Minha Vida' [My House My Life] programme built and financed by the official government agency Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional DF [Residential Development Agency of the Federal District]. This invasion is in an Área de Proteção Ambiental [green belt] in Sobradinho II, 19 kilometres from Brasilia in the rural northeastern sector.
Aerial View of Invasion, Vila Rabêlo, Distrito Federal, 2011
The form of the invasion mirrors that of the favelas in Rio, built into the hillsides which circumscribe the beautiful valley in which Brasília is located. This invasion is virtually a suburb of the satellite city Sobradinha, 19 kilometres from Brasilia in the rural northeastern sector.